Belgium

Financial entities shall report major ICT-related incidents to the relevant competent authority within the prescribed timelines using initial, intermediate and final notifications, and may notify significant cyber threats on a voluntary basis.

Financial entities shall manage ICT third-party risk as an integral component of ICT risk, maintain a Register of Information on all contractual arrangements for the use of ICT services, report it to competent authorities, assess risk before entering arrangements (including concentration and subcontracting), and adopt an ICT third-party risk strategy.

Contractual arrangements for the use of ICT services shall include the mandatory key contractual provisions (e.g. clear service descriptions, locations of data processing, data protection, accessibility/availability/integrity/security, assistance on incidents, audit and access rights, termination rights and exit strategies), with enhanced provisions for services supporting crit...

Use only processors providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures such that the processing meets the Regulation's requirements and protects the rights of the data subject. A processor must not engage another processor without the controller's prior specific or general written authorisation, and under a general authorisation must ...

The processor, and any person acting under the authority of the controller or of the processor who has access to personal data, must not process that data except on instructions from the controller, unless required to do so by Union or Member State law.

Implement appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk, taking into account the state of the art, the costs of implementation, the nature, scope, context and purposes of processing, and the risk of varying likelihood and severity for the rights and freedoms of natural persons. Those measures include, as appropriate, the...

On becoming aware of a personal data breach, notify it to the competent supervisory authority without undue delay and, where feasible, not later than 72 hours after becoming aware, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons; a notification made later than 72 hours must be accompanied by the reasons for the delay. A processor ...

Define and apply processes to manage the security risk suppliers introduce.

Establish and agree the relevant security requirements in each supplier contract.

Extend security requirements down the ICT products and services supply chain.

Govern acquisition, use, management and exit of cloud services against your security requirements.

Define incident roles, processes and readiness before an incident happens.

Identify, document and keep current the legal and contractual obligations relevant to security, and your approach to meeting them.

Identify and meet privacy and PII-protection requirements from law, regulation and contract.

Where relevant, the contract to process personal data must address the organization's role in assisting the customer with the customer's own obligations, taking account of the nature of processing and the information available to it, covering as relevant privacy by design and by default, achieving security of processing, notifying breaches to a supervisory authority and to cust...

The organization must provide the ability to return, transfer or dispose of personal data securely and must make its policy available to the customer, managing the capability securely whether the outcome is return to the customer, transfer to another organization or controller, deletion, destruction, de-identification or archiving, providing the assurance the customer needs tha...

The organization must disclose to the customer any use of subcontractors to process personal data before that use, with provisions included in the customer contract, disclosing that subcontracting is used and the names of the relevant subcontractors, the countries and international organizations to which they can transfer data, and the means by which they are obliged to meet or...

The organization must engage a subcontractor to process personal data only according to the customer contract, obtaining written authorization from the customer before the subcontractor processes the data, whether through appropriate clauses in the customer contract or a specific one off agreement, holding a written contract with every such subcontractor that addresses implemen...

Where it holds a general written authorization, the organization must inform the customer of any intended change involving the addition or replacement of a subcontractor that processes personal data, giving the customer the opportunity to object, and where it changes the subcontractor carrying out some or all of the processing, written authorization from the customer is require...

Agreements with suppliers shall specify whether PII is processed and the minimum technical and organizational measures the supplier must meet for the organization to meet its information security and PII protection obligations, shall clearly allocate responsibilities between the organization, its partners, suppliers and applicable third parties taking account of the type of PII...

For a PII controller, an incident that involves PII shall trigger a review to determine whether a breach involving PII requiring a response has occurred, an event alone not necessarily triggering it; when a breach has occurred the response shall include the relevant notifications and records, jurisdictions defining when the supervisory authority and PII principals must be notif...

The Directive scopes this deliberately at direct suppliers and service providers, which makes the first artefact an inventory of who those parties are and which of them touch the network and information systems behind the service. From there the entity has to manage the security-related aspects of each relationship: what the supplier may access, what security obligations bind i...

Deciding what supply chain measures are appropriate is not left to general judgement. The entity has to take into account the vulnerabilities specific to each direct supplier and service provider, and the overall quality of those parties' products and cybersecurity practices including their secure development procedures. Separately, it must take into account the results of the ...

The core reporting duty attaches to any incident with a significant impact on the provision of the entity's services. Article 23(3) fixes the threshold: an incident is significant if it has caused or is capable of causing severe operational disruption of the services or financial loss for the entity, or if it has affected or is capable of affecting other natural or legal person...

The first stage of the layered reporting regime falls due without undue delay and in any event within 24 hours of becoming aware of the significant incident. The early warning is deliberately light: where applicable it indicates whether the incident is suspected of being caused by unlawful or malicious acts, and whether it could have cross-border impact. It is not a full assess...

Within 72 hours of becoming aware, the entity updates the early warning and provides an initial assessment of the significant incident covering its severity and impact, together with indicators of compromise where those are available. The 72 hours runs from awareness, not from the early warning, so the two clocks start together. Trust service providers are held to a shorter dea...